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Gould's Frogmouth.
Picture Gallery on Smugmug: |
Introduction
As elsewhere in Indonesia, very little
undisturbed forest remains in Sumatra. Way
Kambas, 1,300km2 preserves some remaining lowland rainforest. It was
established as a game reserve by the Dutch in 1937, then after independence, it
went for a period without protection until declared a national park in
1989. It has been logged and the
valuable timber trees stripped, but has regenerated somewhat, and still provides
good habitat. Credit to two 2016 books for lighting up the birding trails of
Indonesia; ‘100 Best Birdwatching Sites in SEA’, by Yong Ding Li and Albert
Low, where Way Kambas finds mention, and the long-awaited field guide ‘Birds of
the Indonesian Archipelago’, by James Eaton.
What would draw an Sg birder here?
· Nightbirds. The rare, endemic bonaparte’s nightjar, and
the large, gould’s and sunda frogmouths are quite reliably seen. In addition, there is a small population of the
endangered white-winged duck . The other
birds are mostly in common with Pen Mal as WK is in the Sundaic region. So that means 5 mega birds.
· Easy birding. Birding is along an unpaved jeep trail on
flat ground. The Satwa Ecolodge is just outside the park entrance, with basic
but clean and spacious rooms. Crucially,
there is a good local guide, Hari attached to the lodge. Finally it is just 2 hrs drive from Bandar
Lampung airport, compared with the 6-hr drive from Padang to Kerinci-Seblat
National Park. You can be birding within
8 hrs of take off from Changi.
One would not come to WK for the Sumatran
endemics though. There are 26 or so,
depending on the authority. But 21 are
in the highlands. As in all the tropics,
there is a distinct montane avifauna, with a higher degree of endemism. Another
4 are on the Barusan Islands off the Indian Ocean coast, separated by a deep
sea trench. This leaves only the
sumatran babbler to be found in WK. If
pursuing endemics the prime destination is Kerinci-Seblat, but that is another
trip.
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National Parks of Sumatra
Source: http://www.indonesiatraveling.com/National%20Parks%20Indonesia/images/sumatra/maps/a1-Sumatra-National-Parks-0.jpg
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Some interesting mammals have a toehold in
these forests. The siamang gibbon is
easily seen, feeding in canopy. Other
primates are spectacled leaf monkey and pig-tailed macaque. Sambar feed at the Rawa Gajah marshes. The Elephant Conservation Center is open for
visits. There are a handful of sumatran
rhinos in the wild here and 7 in the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary, not open for
visits. 20 tigers are known from the
camera traps. But Hari has not seen them
in his 10 yrs here and they will not be encountered. Numbers of big animals are slowly declining
unfortunately.
Some interesting mammals have a toehold in these forests. The siamang gibbon is easily seen, feeding in canopy. Other primates are spectacled leaf monkey and pig-tailed macaque. Sambar feed at the Rawa Gajah marshes. The Elephant Conservation Center is open for visits. There are a handful of sumatran rhinos in the wild here and 7 in the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary, not open for visits. 20 tigers are known from the camera traps. But Hari has not seen them in his 10 yrs here and they will not be encountered. Numbers of big animals are slowly declining unfortunately.
Birding
Birding is done along the unpaved jeep
trail, stretching 13km from entrance gate to the Way Kanan ranger station, on
the banks of the Sungai Way Kambas. Along
this trail, woodpeckers, malkohas, bulbuls and babblers abound. At Way Kanan is a big clearing by the river
but we did not bird much there.
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| Sketch map of Way Kambas |
Good birding was also had along the road to the Elephant Centre, which heads south from the entrance gate, following the edge of the park. This road yielded large and sunda frogmouths, brown wood owl and brown hawk owl. For the white winged duck, we took a boat up the Sungai Way Kambas for a bit, then walked 10 mins to the Rawa Gajah (Elephant Swamp) marsh and waited. A pair of ducks flew in at 5pm. They are wary so we stayed 200m away, beyond photo range. Hari says I have been lucky to get all 5 mega birds over 3 nights. Credit to his fieldcraft.
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| Main Trail from Entrance to Way Kanan. Mandatory machete-armed rearguard ranger to protect from tigers. |
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| The freshwater marsh at Rawa Gajah, where the white-winged ducks can be found. |
Summary of birds seen, by family.
Cuckoos:
A profusion of malkohas; raffles, chestnut
bellied, green billed, red billed.
Frogmouths:
Hit jackpot here, with large, gould’s and sunda. With much thanks to Hari. Only the gould’s was on daytime roost. To find the roost, he notes where they call
at night, and searches the spot by day.
Nightjars:
Bonaparte’s, malaysian eared and large
tailed.
Owls:
Oriental bay, brown wood and brown hawk.
Woodpeckers:
Orange-backed, buff-necked, grey-and-buff
woodpeckers, rufous piculet
Kingfishers:
Rufous collared, oriental dwarf, banded.
Broadbills:
Dusky broadbill.
Pittas:
Malayan banded pitta seen quite regularly.
Babblers:
Black-capped, scaly-crowned, sooty-headed,
sumatran, ferruginous, chestnut-rumped, fluffy-backed tit, black-throated,
sunda scimitar. The Sundaic babblers are well
represented.
Notable birds not seen were storm stork,
lesser adjutant, great argus. An argus
lek was once discovered but once a hide was set up, they ceased lekking.
WK is not a place for studio photographs of birds. No hides, as there are tigers. As elsewhere in Indonesia, the birds have grown wary from relentless trapping and do not allow close approach. WK is a little better in this regard. The main trail which is narrow, with a narrow break overhead in the continuous canopy and little sun coming through, unlike the Panti ‘bunker trail’. Most of my shots were at maximum ISO cap of 1600. Babblers present at mid-canopy to ground level, resulting in shutter speed 1/15s handheld. Kingfishers similarly. Torch-lit night birds at 1/8s. Getting to the calling night bird, circling for a decent view and sometimes following its movements, involves some off-trail jungle-bashing.
WK is not a place for studio photographs of birds. No hides, as there are tigers. As elsewhere in Indonesia, the birds have grown wary from relentless trapping and do not allow close approach. WK is a little better in this regard. The main trail which is narrow, with a narrow break overhead in the continuous canopy and little sun coming through, unlike the Panti ‘bunker trail’. Most of my shots were at maximum ISO cap of 1600. Babblers present at mid-canopy to ground level, resulting in shutter speed 1/15s handheld. Kingfishers similarly. Torch-lit night birds at 1/8s. Getting to the calling night bird, circling for a decent view and sometimes following its movements, involves some off-trail jungle-bashing.
Guiding
Hari excelled, with an uncanny ability to
hear the direction of the night bird and put his torch on it. Understands photogs, will find a good angle,
will locate the flitting bird again and again.
Has been guiding at WK for 7 years, referenced in many trip
reports. But his bookings are pretty busy,
hariyono_ecolodges@yahoo.com. We birded by jeep,
walking at promising stretches.
Occasionally had to jungle-bash, but there were few thorny plants, or
trippy lianas. Entry to the reserve was
at our choice of timing, most mornings at 5am for a spell of night birding
before the dawn at 6am. Service was good.
One night we were birding Way Kanan, when an oriental bay owl called
from across the river, one of my target birds.
Hari roused up the rangers to launch the boat for the crossing and we
bagged it. In general, birding hours
were 5am to 11am, with a break for lunch and a tidor, then again from 3pm to
9pm, with packed dinner.
Getting There
Outbound, Sg-Jakarta, with Garuda, 7.25-8.15am. Then Jakarta-Bandar Lampung, with Sriwijaya,
11.15-12pm. This gives 3 hrs to transfer
terminals in Jakarta. (In the event, when I got to Jakarta, the Lampung flight was
delayed 4 hrs.) Transferring terminals is
a hassle. There is a free shuttle bus every
10 mins, but it’s not a low-floor and luggage has to be carried up 3
steps. The bus also gets crowded. Lampung is a small, modern airport so in and
outbound was fast and easy. Lampung to Way Kambas is a 2 hr drive on a good
road.
Accomodation
Satwa Ecolodge, no aircon, no hot water, but
clean and spacious and set in a nice garden. Don’t expect much birding in the garden though.
Lodge restaurant food was simple but tasty.
http://satwaecolodge.com/
http://satwaecolodge.com/
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| Soto ayam prepared by the 3 ibus, a typical meal at Satwa |
It’s also possible to stay at the very
basic lodge at the Way Kanan ranger station.
But bring and cook your own food.
When to go
May to Sep to avoid the rainy season. Ref the climate chart for Jakarta, 200km
south east. The most popular month is
July from trip reports.
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| Climate chart for nearby Jakarta |
References
1.
‘Birds of the Indonesian
Archipelago’, 2016, by James Eaton
2.
‘100 Best Birdwatching Sites in SEA’, 2016, by Yong Ding Li and Albert Low
‘100 Best Birdwatching Sites in SEA’, 2016, by Yong Ding Li and Albert Low
4.
Birdtourasia, 2016 report http://www.birdtourasia.com/pdf%20Reports/Birdtour%20Asia%20Java%20&%20Sumatra%202016.pdf
Birdtourasia, 2016 report http://www.birdtourasia.com/pdf%20Reports/Birdtour%20Asia%20Java%20&%20Sumatra%202016.pdf
6.
Birdquest trip, Janos Olah, 2012,
Birdquest trip, Janos Olah, 2012,
http://www.birdquest-tours.com/pdfs/report/INDONESIA%20-SUMATRA-%20REP%2012-ebook.pdf
7.
Bird list for Way Kambas. Could not find one, so I used the Avibase list for Lampung province, and cross-referenced the field guide to knock out all the montane species which would only be found in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. This resulted in a workable list which could be checked with Hari.
http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/avibasePDF/checklist.pdf?region=idstlm&list=ioc&synlang=&lang=EN&format=1
7.
Bird list for Way Kambas. Could not find one, so I used the Avibase list for Lampung province, and cross-referenced the field guide to knock out all the montane species which would only be found in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. This resulted in a workable list which could be checked with Hari.
http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/avibasePDF/checklist.pdf?region=idstlm&list=ioc&synlang=&lang=EN&format=1
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